Mathematical UTF-8 Special Characters

Here are the most common mathematical HTML 4.0 special characters from the UTF-8 Character Set. We've also included the Greek alphebet since they are used in mathematical equations so frequently.

Mathematical special characters from the UTF-8 Character Set

Browser Setup

In order to be specify the UTF-8 Character set, you will need to ensure that the following line appears in the head section of every web page.

<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html" charset="UTF-8">

A full Character Entity Reference for HTML 4.0 is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-html40/sgml/entities.html

The Unicode organization maintains a table of all the 1.1 million codes at http://www.unicode.org/charts/

Mathematical, Greek and Symbolic characters for HTML

Name	Symb	Decimal	Hex Code	Description	ISO
&fnof;	ƒ	ƒ	U+0192	Latin small f with hook = function = florin	ISOtech
•	•	•	U+2022	bullet = black small circle	ISOpub
…	…	…	U+2026	horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader	ISOpub
′	′	′	U+2032	prime = minutes = feet	ISOtech
″	″	″	U+2033	double prime = seconds = inches	ISOtech
&oline;	‾	‾	U+203E	overline = spacing overscore	New
&frasl;	⁄	⁄	U+2044	fraction slash	New
&weierp;	℘	℘	U+2118	script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p	ISOamso
&image;	ℑ	ℑ	U+2111	blackletter capital I = imaginary part	ISOamso
&real;	ℜ	ℜ	U+211C	blackletter capital R = real part symbol	ISOamso
™	™	™	U+2122	trade mark sign	ISOnum
&alefsym;	ℵ	ℵ	U+2135	alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal	New
←	←	←	U+2190	leftwards arrow	ISOnum
↑	↑	↑	U+2191	upwards arrow	ISOnum
→	→	→	U+2192	rightwards arrow	ISOnum
↓	↓	↓	U+2193	downwards arrow	ISOnum
↔	↔	↔	U+2194	left right arrow	ISOamsa
&crarr;	↵	↵	U+21B5	downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return	New
⇐	⇐	⇐	U+21D0	leftwards double arrow	ISOtech
&uArr;	⇑	⇑	U+21D1	upwards double arrow	ISOamsa
⇒	⇒	⇒	U+21D2	rightwards double arrow	ISOtech
&dArr;	⇓	⇓	U+21D3	downwards double arrow	ISOamsa
⇔	⇔	⇔	U+21D4	left right double arrow	ISOamsa
∀	∀	∀	U+2200	for all	ISOtech
∂	∂	∂	U+2202	partial differential	ISOtech
∃	∃	∃	U+2203	there exists	ISOtech
∅	∅	∅	U+2205	empty set = null set = diameter	ISOamso
∇	∇	∇	U+2207	nabla = backward difference	ISOtech
∈	∈	∈	U+2208	element of	ISOtech
∉	∉	∉	U+2209	not an element of	ISOtech
&ni;	∋	∋	U+220B	contains as member	ISOtech
∏	∏	∏	U+220F	n-ary product = product sign	ISOamsb
∑	∑	∑	U+2211	n-ary sumation	ISOamsb
−	−	−	U+2212	minus sign	ISOtech
&lowast;	∗	∗	U+2217	asterisk operator	ISOtech
√	√	√	U+221A	square root = radical sign	ISOtech
&prop;	∝	∝	U+221D	proportional to	ISOtech
∞	∞	∞	U+221E	infinity	ISOtech
&ang;	∠	∠	U+2220	angle	ISOamso
&and;	∧	∧	U+2227	logical and = wedge	ISOtech
&or;	∨	∨	U+2228	logical or = vee	ISOtech
∩	∩	∩	U+2229	intersection = cap	ISOtech
∪	∪	∪	U+222A	union = cup	ISOtech
∫	∫	∫	U+222B	integral	ISOtech
&there4;	∴	∴	U+2234	therefore	ISOtech
&sim;	∼	∼	U+223C	tilde operator = varies with = similar to	ISOtech
&cong;	≅	≅	U+2245	approximately equal to	ISOtech
≈	≈	≈	U+2248	almost equal to = asymptotic to	ISOamsr
≠	≠	≠	U+2260	not equal to	ISOtech
&equiv;	≡	≡	U+2261	identical to	ISOtech
≤	≤	≤	U+2264	less-than or equal to	ISOtech
≥	≥	≥	U+2265	greater-than or equal to	ISOtech
⊂	⊂	⊂	U+2282	subset of	ISOtech
⊃	⊃	⊃	U+2283	superset of	ISOtech
&nsub;	⊄	⊄	U+2284	not a subset of	ISOamsn
&sube;	⊆	⊆	U+2286	subset of or equal to	ISOtech
&supe;	⊇	⊇	U+2287	superset of or equal to	ISOtech
&oplus;	⊕	⊕	U+2295	circled plus = direct sum	ISOamsb
&otimes;	⊗	⊗	U+2297	circled times = vector product	ISOamsb
&perp;	⊥	⊥	U+22A5	up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular	ISOtech
⋅	⋅	⋅	U+22C5	dot operator	ISOamsb
&lceil;	⌈	⌈	U+2308	left ceiling = apl upstile	ISOamsc
&rceil;	⌉	⌉	U+2309	right ceiling	ISOamsc
&lfloor;	⌊	⌊	U+230A	left floor = apl downstile	ISOamsc
&rfloor;	⌋	⌋	U+230B	right floor	ISOamsc
&lang;	〈	〈	U+2329	left-pointing angle bracket = bra	ISOtech
&rang;	〉	〉	U+232A	right-pointing angle bracket = ket	ISOtech
&loz;	◊	◊	U+25CA	lozenge	ISOpub
&spades;	♠	♠	U+2660	black spade suit	ISOpub
&clubs;	♣	♣	U+2663	black club suit = shamrock	ISOpub
&hearts;	♥	♥	U+2665	black heart suit = valentine	ISOpub
&diams;	♦	♦	U+2666	black diamond suit	ISOpub
Α	Α	Α	U+0391	Greek capital letter alpha
Β	Β	Β	U+0392	Greek capital letter beta
Γ	Γ	Γ	U+0393	Greek capital letter gamma	ISOgrk3
Δ	Δ	Δ	U+0394	Greek capital letter delta	ISOgrk3
Ε	Ε	Ε	U+0395	Greek capital letter epsilon
Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	U+0396	Greek capital letter zeta
Η	Η	Η	U+0397	Greek capital letter eta
Θ	Θ	Θ	U+0398	Greek capital letter theta	ISOgrk3
Ι	Ι	Ι	U+0399	Greek capital letter iota
Κ	Κ	Κ	U+039A	Greek capital letter kappa
Λ	Λ	Λ	U+039B	Greek capital letter lambda	ISOgrk3
Μ	Μ	Μ	U+039C	Greek capital letter mu
Ν	Ν	Ν	U+039D	Greek capital letter nu
Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	U+039E	Greek capital letter xi	ISOgrk3
Ο	Ο	Ο	U+039F	Greek capital letter omicron
Π	Π	Π	U+03A0	Greek capital letter pi	ISOgrk3
Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	U+03A1	Greek capital letter rho
Σ	Σ	Σ	U+03A3	Greek capital letter sigma	ISOgrk3
Τ	Τ	Τ	U+03A4	Greek capital letter tau
Υ	Υ	Υ	U+03A5	Greek capital letter upsilon	ISOgrk3
Φ	Φ	Φ	U+03A6	Greek capital letter phi	ISOgrk3
Χ	Χ	Χ	U+03A7	Greek capital letter chi
Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	U+03A8	Greek capital letter psi	ISOgrk3
Ω	Ω	Ω	U+03A9	Greek capital letter omega	ISOgrk3
α	α	α	U+03B1	Greek small letter alpha	ISOgrk3
β	β	β	U+03B2	Greek small letter beta	ISOgrk3
γ	γ	γ	U+03B3	Greek small letter gamma	ISOgrk3
δ	δ	δ	U+03B4	Greek small letter delta	ISOgrk3
ε	ε	ε	U+03B5	Greek small letter epsilon	ISOgrk3
ζ	ζ	ζ	U+03B6	Greek small letter zeta	ISOgrk3
η	η	η	U+03B7	Greek small letter eta	ISOgrk3
θ	θ	θ	U+03B8	Greek small letter theta	ISOgrk3
ι	ι	ι	U+03B9	Greek small letter iota	ISOgrk3
κ	κ	κ	U+03BA	Greek small letter kappa	ISOgrk3
λ	λ	λ	U+03BB	Greek small letter lambda	ISOgrk3
μ	μ	μ	U+03BC	Greek small letter mu	ISOgrk3
ν	ν	ν	U+03BD	Greek small letter nu	ISOgrk3
ξ	ξ	ξ	U+03BE	Greek small letter xi	ISOgrk3
ο	ο	ο	U+03BF	Greek small letter omicron	New
π	π	π	U+03C0	Greek small letter pi	ISOgrk3
ρ	ρ	ρ	U+03C1	Greek small letter rho	ISOgrk3
&sigmaf;	ς	ς	U+03C2	Greek small letter final sigma	ISOgrk3
σ	σ	σ	U+03C3	Greek small letter sigma	ISOgrk3
τ	τ	τ	U+03C4	Greek small letter tau	ISOgrk3
υ	υ	υ	U+03C5	Greek small letter upsilon	ISOgrk3
φ	φ	φ	U+03C6	Greek small letter phi	ISOgrk3
χ	χ	χ	U+03C7	Greek small letter chi	ISOgrk3
ψ	ψ	ψ	U+03C8	Greek small letter psi	ISOgrk3
ω	ω	ω	U+03C9	Greek small letter omega	ISOgrk3
&thetasym;	ϑ	ϑ	U+03D1	Greek small letter theta symbol	New
&upsih;	ϒ	ϒ	U+03D2	Greek upsilon with hook symbol	New
ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	U+03D6	Greek pi symbol	ISOgrk3